12Mg24.305
Alkaline Earth Metals-block
Magnesium
Element 12 on the periodic table, symbol Mg, group 2, period 3.
Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (Group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table: they each have the same electron configuration in their outer electron shell producing a similar crystal structure. Magnesium is the ninth most abundant element in the universe.
Appearance: shiny grey solid
Properties
- Atomic Number
- 12
- Atomic Mass
- 24.3050 u
- Group
- 2
- Period
- 3
- Block
- s-block
- Category
- Alkaline Earth Metal
- State at 25 °C
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 923 K · 649.9 °C
- Boiling Point
- 1,363 K · 1,089.9 °C
- Density
- 1.738 g/cm³
- Atomic Radius
- 150 pm
- Electronegativity
- 1.31
- Oxidation States
- +2
- Abundance in Crust
- 2.33e+4 mg/kg
- Discovered
- 1755
- Discovered By
- Joseph Black
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Ionisation Energies (kJ/mol)
- 1. 737.7
- 2. 1,450.7
- 3. 7,732.7
- 4. 10,542.5
- 5. 13,630
- 6. 18,020
- 7. 21,711
- 8. 25,661
Elements near Magnesium
Elements in the same group share the number of outer electrons and behave in similar ways. Elements in the same period share a shell, so they change steadily from left to right.