14Si28.085
Metalloidp-block
Silicon
Element 14 on the periodic table, symbol Si, group 14, period 3.
Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery.
Appearance: crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
Properties
- Atomic Number
- 14
- Atomic Mass
- 28.0850 u
- Group
- 14
- Period
- 3
- Block
- p-block
- Category
- Metalloid
- State at 25 °C
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 1,687 K · 1,413.9 °C
- Boiling Point
- 3,538 K · 3,264.9 °C
- Density
- 2.329 g/cm³
- Atomic Radius
- 110 pm
- Electronegativity
- 1.9
- Oxidation States
- -4, +4
- Abundance in Crust
- 2.82e+5 mg/kg
- Discovered
- 1824
- Discovered By
- Jöns Jacob Berzelius
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
Ionisation Energies (kJ/mol)
- 1. 786.5
- 2. 1,577.1
- 3. 3,231.6
- 4. 4,355.5
- 5. 16,091
- 6. 19,805
- 7. 23,780
- 8. 29,287
Elements near Silicon
Elements in the same group share the number of outer electrons and behave in similar ways. Elements in the same period share a shell, so they change steadily from left to right.