32Ge72.631
Metalloidp-block
Germanium
Element 32 on the periodic table, symbol Ge, group 14, period 4.
Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Purified germanium is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon.
Appearance: grayish-white
Properties
- Atomic Number
- 32
- Atomic Mass
- 72.6308 u
- Group
- 14
- Period
- 4
- Block
- p-block
- Category
- Metalloid
- State at 25 °C
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 1,211.4 K · 938.3 °C
- Boiling Point
- 3,106 K · 2,832.9 °C
- Density
- 5.323 g/cm³
- Atomic Radius
- 125 pm
- Electronegativity
- 2.01
- Oxidation States
- +2, +4
- Abundance in Crust
- 1.5 mg/kg
- Discovered
- 1886
- Discovered By
- Clemens Winkler
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2
Ionisation Energies (kJ/mol)
- 1. 762
- 2. 1,537.5
- 3. 3,302.1
- 4. 4,411
- 5. 9,020
Elements near Germanium
Elements in the same group share the number of outer electrons and behave in similar ways. Elements in the same period share a shell, so they change steadily from left to right.