Lead

Element 82 on the periodic table, symbol Pb, group 14, period 6.

Lead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin: plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air.

Appearance: metallic gray

Properties

Atomic Number: 82
Atomic Mass: 207.2100 u
Group: 14
Period: 6
Block: p-block
Category: Post-Transition Metal
State at 25 °C: Solid
Melting Point: 600.6 K · 327.5 °C
Boiling Point: 2,022 K · 1,748.9 °C
Density: 11.34 g/cm³
Atomic Radius: 180 pm
Electronegativity: 1.87
Oxidation States: +2, +4
Abundance in Crust: 14 mg/kg
Discovered: Known since antiquity
Discovered By: Middle East

Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2

Ionisation Energies (kJ/mol)

1. 715.6
2. 1,450.5
3. 3,081.5
4. 4,083
5. 6,640

Elements near Lead

Elements in the same group share the number of outer electrons and behave in similar ways. Elements in the same period share a shell, so they change steadily from left to right.